Gout overview

Causes of Gout:
Gout develops from an accumulation of excess uric acid in the body which causes uric acid crystals to deposit in the joints. Excess uric acid can result from increased uric acid production or decreased elimination of uric acid from the body. Certain purine-rich foods can cause an increase in uric acid levels. Some medications also can cause increased uric acid levels.
Symptoms Associated With Gout:
During an acute episode of gout, the patient may be startled by the suddenness and severity of joint pain and swelling. Often the first gout attack occurs at night. Observation of the foot may reveal red or purple shiny skin around the joint. Typically the gout attack goes away after 5-10 days. Without treatment, gout attacks may occur with more frequency and may last longer. Frequent gout attacks can damage the affected joint.

Diagnosis of Gout:
Proper diagnosis is important. Diagnosis is based on physical findings and diagnostic tests including the identification of characteristic crystals. Fluid is extracted from the affected joint and a microscopic examination revealing monosodium urate crystals would be consistent with the diagnosis of gout. Crystals known as tophi may also be found in deposits under the skin. Blood uric acid levels are less useful or definitive. The blood uric acid level can be normal or low during an attack or can be elevated in people who have never had a gout attack.